NEW YORK — The Red Cross set up one database to help refugees from Hurricane Katrina reconnect with their families. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children created another to help displaced kids reunite with parents.
A flurry of other well-intentioned but largely duplicative efforts sprouted simultaneously on the Internet.
Efforts to reconcile all the scattered data have been, well, scattered.
Although the Internet makes it simple for people around the world to help out with disaster relief, confusion and frustration have reigned as refugees, families and volunteers are forced to sort through as many as 50 Web sites to check on loved ones.
"There really needs to be one place where people can go and get information," said Trisha Denny, a Phoenix resident who has primarily used GulfCoastNews.com to check on loved ones in Ocean Springs, Miss. "There's always the possibility that somebody I knew and cared about has posted somewhere else."
Ritchie Priddy and three other volunteers from the First Baptist Church in St. Francisville, La., spent the weekend submitting data on about 500 refugees to five separate databases.
"It's incredibly slow when you have to input each one," Priddy said. "What's aggravating is they are not in the same format so it's not like you can cut and paste."
The Internet may free information from the grips of centralized hands, said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project, "but at some point it's terribly useful to have a centralized, responsible, trusted clearinghouse."
But who?
The Red Cross believes its Family Links Registry, previously used during civil wars abroad and the Asian tsunami, can perform that role. By Wednesday, more than 117,000 entries had been submitted by people seeking a loved one or reporting that they are safe, and many more people visited the site to conduct searches.
"Our Web site is so widely known and so heavily used that I think it's got a momentum of its own that will kind of stand for itself," said Sara Blandford, manager of international family tracing services at the American Red Cross.
The site even has the blessing of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, now part of the Department of Homeland Security, which says anyone else wishing to offer similar services should contact FEMA to coordinate.
Nonetheless, the U.S. Department of Justice turned to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children when it wanted a database for refugee children and parents.
Having worked for years with local law enforcement agencies, the nonprofit organization was glad to build a database that, unlike the Red Cross', has room for photos and the types of physical attributes familiar to police.
While other sites allow individuals to submit entries and sometimes even edit them online, the center only takes information by phone or in person to reduce pranks.
And then there's the National Next of Kin Registry, a private nonprofit effort to compile phone numbers and other contact information. Spokesman John Hill said his group is willing to work with relief organizations but can't share data directly for privacy and security reasons. Its database isn't publicly searchable.
Media organizations such as CNN and MSNBC have also created databases, as did the Web-only GulfCoastNews.com.
Ken Burton, information systems technical director at GulfCoastNews, said he programmed the tool after seeing the site's message boards flooded with posts that weren't easily searchable.
"I was putting it up to fill a need," said Burton, whose database was up two days before the Red Cross's and now has more than 60,000 names, some overlapping with others.
It's not possible to quantify the overall success of the online efforts, but the missing childrens center says 15 percent of its 829 Katrina-related kids reports had been resolved by Wednesday.
Apart from the databases for the missing, FEMA accepts data to process disaster aid, while the Department of Health and Human Services keeps track of medical personnel willing to volunteer. Neither makes the information public. Private forums also have been set up to coordinate donations and requests.
Some companies and groups have tried to consolidate the data, but those efforts also overlap.
Search engine company Lycos Inc. wrote tools to search across multiple databases and message boards for Katrina's displaced, while Web database developer Yes Software Inc. is extracting data from some databases and combining them at KatrinaSOS.org.
Individuals from around the world are collaborating through KatrinaHelp.info to create a combined database as well, with volunteers manually entering information gleaned from message boards at Yahoo and elsewhere.
Rudi Cilibrasi, a project programmer and network administrator from Amsterdam, said he prefers group collaboration over reliance on a single company or relief organization, even if duplication results.
"A central organization is a single point of failure," he said.
In the months to come, inevitable is a lessons-learned meeting "where the right folks would come together (to discuss) who's best designed to do which piece of the puzzle," said John Rabun, chief operating officer at National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
Criticism is easy in retrospect, said Patrick McPherson, who runs an emergency ham-radio and Internet network for the Salvation Army, which has a database of about 500 shelter occupants.
"You learn as you go, and you make decisions related to the information you have in the current time frame," he said. "If you know what was going to happen beforehand, you would do it a little differently."
